FMLA Insights - Guidance & Solutions for Employers

Under the FMLA, an employer's obligation to provide leave arises only after an employee gives notice that he or she needs FMLA leave. However, it is well-established that an employee need not explicitly mention the FMLA when requesting leave. Rather, an employee's notice is sufficient if it gives the employer enough information to reasonably conclude that the employee may need leave for an FMLA-qualifying reason. Determining whether an employee's request for leave meets this requirement is a difficult proposition, particularly when the employee appears to be using the request to avoid instructions or shield himself from discipline. A recent decision of the 6th Circuit Court of Appeals sheds some light on the subject, and affirms that an employee cannot avoid discharge for insubordination merely by claiming that he had a headache and needed to go home. Gipson v. Vought Aircraft Industries, Inc. (.pdf).

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For employers, it pays to listen closely to the reason for which an employee requests time off, since the reason may not always be covered by the FMLA.  Kind of like occasions when the employee tells you he needs time off to clean his mother's flooded basement.

Take Joe Lane, a medical technologist for Pontiac Osteopathic Hospital.  Joe, who lived with his mother, sought and was granted FMLA intermittent FMLA leave for six months to care for his mom, who suffered from diabetes, high blood pressure, weight loss and arthritis.  He needed leave from time to time to provide her food and transport her to doctors' appointments, which he did without issue for the next four months.

For Joe, when it rains, it pours.  Literally.  Right into his mother's basement.  Joe was absent for four consecutive days and, in violation of the Hospital's personnel policies, he failed to call in his absences.  Thereafter, he informed the Hospital that he would need additional time off to clean up flooding in his mom's basement.  He claimed that the "flood cleaning days" should be excused because his mother had hepatitis and the stagnant water was a "breeding ground" for the disease.  The Hospital disagreed and fired him.

At that moment, Joe's FMLA claims went down the drain. 

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Managing long-term intermittent leave has long been one of the central problems for employers administering FMLA leave. Particularly problematic is the employee who presents a certification suggesting that he or she will need unscheduled leave with little or no notice to the employer over a period of months or years based upon self-diagnosed, unverifiable symptoms such as pain or fatigue. A recent decision by the 8th Circuit Court of Appeals suggests that, at least in some cases, such a leave request need not be granted because the need for frequent, unscheduled, unpredictable leave over an extended period of time can render an employee unqualified for duty. Wisbey v. City of Lincoln, Neb.

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A couple weeks ago, as I was preparing a witness for his deposition (in a Title VII and FMLA case), it dawned on both of us that his deposition would take place mere hours after the deciding Game 6 of the Stanley Cup Playoffs.  Upon this realization, his face grew a bit pale, and he began wondering out loud whether he would be in the best shape for a deposition the day after a Chicago Blackhawks victory.  [Insert here: visions of a late night at the local pub.]

No worries -- both my client and the Blackhawks came out on top.  However, the more I considered the above exchange, the more I wondered whether this scenario raises a common issue for employers as they administer FMLA leave -- Do major sporting events, such as the Stanley Cup and ongoing World Cup, invite widespread abuse of FMLA leave?

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